How Can I Get My Social Security Number (SSN)? Complete Guide for Applicants Inside and Outside the U.S.

Knowing how to get your Social Security Number (SSN) is essential for working legally, filing taxes, opening a bank account, accessing benefits, and completing multiple legal and financial processes in the United States.

In this guide, you’ll learn who can apply, what documents are required, and how to complete the process step-by-step — whether you’re inside the U.S. or living abroad. You’ll also discover what to do if you need to file taxes but aren’t eligible for an SSN.

What Is the Social Security Number and What Is It For?

The Social Security Number (SSN) is a unique nine-digit identifier issued by the Social Security Administration (SSA). It’s one of the most important numbers you’ll have in the United States, as it’s used to:

• Start a job and verify work authorization.
• File federal and state tax returns.
• Open bank accounts or apply for credit.
• Access government benefits and Social Security programs.
• Complete immigration or state licensing procedures.

Important: Don’t confuse the U.S. SSN with the IMSS NSS in Mexico. The NSS is for Mexico’s social security system; the SSN identifies individuals within the U.S. for tax, employment, and administrative purposes.

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Who Can Apply for a Social Security Number?

You can apply for an SSN if you belong to any of the following groups:

• U.S. citizens (by birth or naturalization).
• Non-citizens authorized to work, including:
  • Holders of an EAD (Employment Authorization Document).
  • Individuals under F-1 CPT/OPT, J-1, H-1B, or L-1 statuses when eligible.
• Newborns in the U.S. (the SSN is often issued automatically with the birth certificate).
• Other special cases determined by the SSA (for example, certain dependents or non-work related reasons).

If you don’t have work authorization but need to file taxes, you usually won’t apply for an SSN but instead for an ITIN (Individual Taxpayer Identification Number) through the IRS — explained below.

Required Documents (Depending on Your Situation)

The SSA requires proof of identity, age, and immigration status (if applicable). All documents must be original or certified copies from the issuing agency. Examples include:

• Proof of identity/age: Passport, birth certificate, or U.S. driver’s license.
• Proof of immigration status: I-94 record, valid visa, EAD (I-766), or other work authorization document.
• Proof of address: Some offices may request evidence of residency for your in-person appointment.

Requirements may vary depending on your case and the type of application (first-time request, replacement, correction, etc.).

How to Apply for an SSN in the United States

1. Check your eligibility (citizenship or valid work authorization).
2. Complete Form SS-5 (Application for a Social Security Card).
3. Gather your original documents (identity, age, immigration status).
4. Submit your request online (if available) and schedule an appointment with a local SSA office.
5. Attend your appointment with all your documentation.
6. Wait for approval — your card will arrive by mail within approximately two weeks.

If any document is missing or needs verification, the process may take longer.

How to Apply for an SSN from Abroad

If you live outside the U.S. and are applying for an SSN for the first time, you’ll need to apply in person through one of these options:

• A Federal Benefits Unit (FBU) located in a U.S. Embassy or Consulate, or
• A U.S. Embassy or Consulate without an FBU (they will forward your file to the SSA).

Steps:

1. Contact the nearest FBU or Embassy/Consulate to book an appointment (walk-ins are not accepted).
2. Confirm the exact list of documents required in your country.
3. Bring Form SS-5 and all original documents to your appointment.
4. Request contact information for the person handling your file to follow up.

Applications processed directly through an FBU are typically faster, since staff verify documents on-site.

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Lost Your Card and Need to Retrieve Your Number?

• There’s no online tool to view your full SSN for security reasons.
• Check past documents such as W-2s, paystubs, or previous tax returns (sometimes partially masked).
• To replace your card, complete Form SS-5 and submit the required documentation.
• Never share your SSN by email or text message — it’s a highly sensitive identifier.

Common Scenarios

• F-1 or J-1 students: Usually require an employment offer or CPT/OPT authorization to qualify for an SSN. Without that, an ITIN may be needed for tax purposes.
• EAD holders: Can apply directly with their EAD and identity documents.
• Newborns: Typically receive an SSN automatically after birth registration.
• DACA recipients: Should follow SSA’s current instructions. If they already have an SSN, a new number is not issued.
• Status changes: If your immigration status changes, your SSN remains the same — simply update your records with the SSA.

Security and Best Practices

• Memorize your SSN and avoid carrying the card unless necessary.
• Be cautious of scam calls or emails requesting your SSN; SSA and IRS do not request data by phone unexpectedly.
• Keep secure copies of all documents and report any suspicious activity immediately.

FAQs: How Can I Get My Social Security Number?

1) Can I apply online without visiting the office?
In many cases, you can pre-register online, but you’ll still need to appear in person to verify original documents.

2) How long does it take to receive my card?
Once approved, most applicants receive their card by mail within two weeks.

3) Where do I apply if I live abroad?
Book an appointment at your nearest FBU or U.S. Embassy/Consulate. If there’s no FBU, your application will be forwarded to the SSA — processing times may vary.

4) What if I need to pay taxes but can’t get an SSN?
You’ll need to request an ITIN from the IRS. It allows you to file taxes but does not authorize employment.

5) Can I change my SSN if it’s lost or stolen?
The SSA rarely issues a new number. You’ll typically receive a replacement card and should take steps to protect against identity theft.

How This Relates to Your Business Setup

If you’re planning to form a company in the United States or already operate one, defining whether you need an SSN, ITIN, or EIN is crucial for tax compliance. These identifiers are required for banking, payroll, and IRS filings.

At Openbiz, we guide entrepreneurs and businesses in forming and managing their companies in the U.S., ensuring that all legal and tax aspects are properly handled.
Contact us today to start your U.S. business with professional guidance and full compliance.

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